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Cl¨¦ment Joubert is a Research Economist in the World Bank's Development Research Group (Human Development Team). An applied micro-economist, he is interested in how households work and save in high-informality settings, the economic risks they face and how to optimally design social protection programs for them. His research also covers topics such as gender inequality, under-employment and radicalization. Before joining the World Bank, Cl¨¦ment was an Assistant Professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (2010-2015). He received his Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania and his Master of Science from HEC Paris. 

Michal Rutkowski is the Global Director for Social Protection and Jobs ¨C overseeing the World Bank¡¯s work in developing systems that protect the poorest and vulnerable from crises and shocks, and supporting private sector-led growth. Until July 2016, he was the Director for Multilateral Organizations, and prior to that the Country Director for the Russian Federation and the Resident Representative in Moscow for three years. 

Deon Filmer is Director of the Development Research Group at the World Bank. He has previously served as Acting Research Manager in the Research Group, Co-Director of the World Development Report 2018: Learning to Realize Education¡¯s Promise, and Lead Economist in the Human Development department of the Africa Region of the World Bank. He works on issues of human capital and skills, service delivery, and the impact of policies and programs to improve human development outcomes¡ªwith research spanning the areas of education, health, social protection, and poverty and inequality. He has published widely in refereed journals, including studies of the impact of demand-side programs on schooling and learning; the roles of poverty, gender, orphanhood, and disability in explaining education inequalities; and the determinants of effective service delivery.